by Sean Cochtan
We all know the clubface must be square at impact and the club releases thereafter.
Generally speaking a large amount of swing mechanics are centered upon returning
the clubface to square at impact. In order to square the clubface at impact
a combination of separate but connect components work together. The first of
these components is your golf swing mechanics. The biomechanics of the golf
swing are an intricate series of movements, in a sequential order, and executed
with a specific timing. The golf swing mechanics if performed correctly allow
for the clubface to return square at impact. In conjunction with golf swing
mechanics the body executes these biomechanics. In relation to the body, specific
muscles are very active in returning the clubface to square. The golf swing
is a "total body" activity involving the entire neuromuscular system
in the execution of the golf swing. Looking at a specific part of the body and
squaring of the clubface, we can see a significant connection to certain muscles.
During certain phases of the golf swing we see a rotation of the clubface in
the backswing, returning of the clubface to square at impact, and release of
the club in the follow through. These three actions within golf swing require
rotation of the arms. The action occurring within the arms is elevation, internal,
and external rotation. This allows the club to rotate, return to square, and
release during the follow through. That being said, there are specific muscles
involved in the rotation of the arms. Again, these are not the only muscles
involved in squaring the clubface, but from an anatomical perspective, these
muscles are active in the internal and external rotation of the arms. Going
back to squaring the clubface, internal and external rotation of the arms is
required. The muscles we are talking about are the rotator cuff muscles. Yes,
the rotator cuff. Not necessarily a group of muscles that go "hand-in-hand"
with the golf swing and probably more thought of when we talk about baseball
and pitching. Nevertheless, these muscles are an active in the golf swing. The
rotator cuff is a reference to four muscles in the shoulder complex. For those
of you who love the science behind this stuff, the four muscles that comprise
the rotator cuff are; supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
The rotator cuff has a couple primary functions when it comes to the shoulder
complex. First off, they act to stabilize the shoulder capsule. The skeletal
structure comprising the shoulder is a ball and socket joint. The "socket"
part of this joint is very shallow, and the rotator cuff muscles help to stabilize
and essentially keep the arm from coming out of the joint. The rotator cuff
provides tension during movement to keep the shoulder joint stabile. The rotator
cuff creates what is called a musculotendinous joint for the shoulder, stabilizing
the shoulder. Secondly, these four muscles are actively involved in elevating,
internally, and externally rotating the arms. All of which are movements involved
in the golf swing. Utilize a picture of the golf swing and the actions involved
in the phases of the golf swing to create the connection. During the backswing,
downswing, and follow through these muscles assist in the biomechanics of the
golf swing. The rotation of the arms in the backswing, squaring of the clubface
at impact, and release of the club during the follow through are some basic
components of the golf swing where the rotator cuff is involved in the golf
swing. The shoulder joint and rotator cuff muscles are subject to overuse and
early degeneration. The repeatable action of the golf swing, and involvement
of the rotator cuff in the golf swing add to this situation. These two factors;
the repeatable nature of the golf swing, and subject of the rotator cuff to
over use injuries point to the need of injury preventative rotator cuff exercises.
Injury preventative rotator cuff exercises should be a part of a comprehensive
golf fitness program. The goals of a golf fitness program are two fold; number
one to prevent injury to the body from the stresses placed upon it by the golf
swing. Number two is performance improvement. Rotator cuff exercises within
a golf fitness program fall into category number one. These types of golf fitness
exercises develop additional strength and endurance within the rotator cuff
muscles. The purpose of the added strength and endurance is to prevent overuse
injuries from occurring. The added strength and endurance allow for the golfer
to execute the biomechanics of the golf swing over and over again without fatigue
or comprise the joint structure of the shoulder. During my years on tour, I
have never seen someone injure a cuff muscle from swinging a golf club. I have
seen rotator cuff injuries impede a golf swing, and if you have ever injured
your rotator cuff, you know how debilitating an injury it can be. The point
being this: The rotator cuff muscles are actively involved in the golf swing.
The biomechanics of the golf swing are a repeatable athletic action, stressing
the muscles of the rotator cuff every swing. In order to combat a rotator cuff
injury from occurring, the implementation of rotator cuff exercises in a comprehensive
golf fitness program can be beneficial. These types of golf fitness exercises
are injury preventative. Assisting to develop high levels of strength and endurance
in the muscles of the rotator cuff. Preventing breakdown from over use. Injury
to rotator cuff can be very debilitating to your golf swing or any activity
for that case. And I suggest regardless if you are avid golfer or a weekend
warrior. Implementing a series of rotator cuff exercises to them healthy is
a good idea.
Sean Cochran is one of the most recognized golf fitness instructors in the world today. He travels the PGA Tour regularly with 2004 Masters, 2005 PGA, and 2006 Masters Champion Phil Mickelson. He has made many of his golf tips, golf instruction and golf swing improvement techniques available to amateur golfers on the website www.bioforcegolf.com. To contact Sean, you can email him at support@bioforcegolf.com.
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